What is Human Resource Management
History
Earlier Human Resource Development was in front row due to its name and fame developmental activities were undertaken through HRD division of a Unit or Establishment. Today the picture modified to a great extent by introducing Human Resource Management sits in the main seat instead of Human Resource Development because of the structural changes made by many Establishments. Human Resource Management has been evolved from the concept of Personnel and Administration point of view. The changes took place in the Organization's structure and activities has separated Training Department as single division and Human Resource Management another single division. With the advent of contemporary ideologies the Developmental activities came to a stand still and only Training Department came to picture.
Even though many Organizations have maintained its own Human Resource Development and Human Resource Management divisions separately. The concept of Human Resource is contemporary and the main contribution towards Human Resource is made by FW Taylor who tailored and mastered the theory of Scientific Management, Taylor provided a base upon which the current thinking of Management is firmly established. He found the need of a systematic management to analyze the work to be done, to measure and to assign portions of work to the people best selected and trained to perform the work. He published his work, "Principles of Scientific Management" in "1911".
What is Scientific Management :
Scientific Management is a process of directing human efforts through the Scientific Methods and also through Management Specialists. This Scientific Method covers Observation, Measurement, Experiment and Interference. A Management Specialist can be coined as the person who specializes in the application of modern scientific method for the solution of problems arising out of the process of Management.
Evolution of Management :
The evolution of Management thought can be divided into three primary stages :
- Scientific Management and Administrative Management from the period 1900 to 1930, it is known as classical period.
- People relationships in Organizations from the period 1930-1960, it is called as neo classical period.
- Refinement, extension and synthesis (1960 - present), it is called modern period systems approach.
Classical Period (Traditional ) 1900-1930.
F.W. Taylor, Max Weber and Henry Fayol are considered as the founders of Scientific Management and Administrative Management this concept provided a base for the Management concept. The theory is closely in proximity with the advent of large scale organizations and these large scale organizations needed new forms of Management practices. The traditional theory is basically touches Scientific Management theory by F.W. Taylor, Bureaucratic principle of Weber and Henry Fayol's Administrative Management.
FW Taylor Scientific theory is based on the elements like Research, Standards, Planning, Control and Cooperation.
Max Weber, a German Sociologist provided bureaucratic model, he envisaged bureaucracy as the best model for complex organizations his findings are Hierarchy of Authority, Division of Labour based on functional specialization, A system of rules, Impersonality of impersonal relationship, A system of work procedures, Placement of employees based upon technical competent and legal authority and power.
Henry Fayol administered the administrative model for Organizations, which includes Principles of Management (Fayol's theory), Line and Staff concept, Committees, Functions of Management (L. Gullick termed it as 'POSDCORB') P- Planning, O-Organizing, S-Staffing, D-Directing, C-coordinating, R-Reporting and B-Budgeting.
Neo Classical Theory(1930 to 1960) famously known as Behavioral Approach marked human relations and behavioral science movement. Classical theory helped as a base in bringing and subsequent development of Neo classical theory. Neo classical theory urged the need of behavioral pattern for the man behind the machines which also provoked the need of relationship to be maintained between human content. Experiments made by Elton Mayo and his associates at Hawthorne studies in the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company in U.S.A. between 1927 to 1930, they taught the concept of application of behavioral science with managerial application. This method helped in the shift from bureaucracy to participative management style. This changed the working style of men and women which resulted in more contribution to the organization. This also increased harmony, strong relationship and team spirit among workers.
Systems approach (1960 onwards)
Systems approach is a modern theory of management. This theory is based on all other previous management theories. The meaning of system derived from Greek bring together. Under the main system of Business Organization, different Departments work as subsystem.
All the above periodical theories and the people behind developing these theories which caused a positive and strong thought among people to implement the new system by apply some modification which lead to a super duper and systematic Huma Resource Department and Departmentation in Organizations. Today the doors are fully opened for the Organizations to set up a vibrant Organization. This type of new organizational setup is successful in introducing some of the basic features like appointments, departmentation, assigning jobs to the employees, training, coordination and improved productivity. These basic concepts further marked for the development of ideal policies and functions for top Management and the Human Resource Department became free and flawless. Further the introduction of ERP system helped Large, Medium as well as Small Organizations have their own system. The following are the main areas of ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) system through which the routine jobs became much easier.
The fast paced growth of technology and scientific researches done by many Scientists and Scholars prompted to break the routine and chase the new IT and Computer based systems. This has improved the situation of unemployment sector to find new opportunities to the unemployed youth. The IT Parks started in the country has helped to eradicate unemployment from the country to a certain extent. Even though there are some loopholes through which the non-qualified get into the seat and the qualified remains there on the back seat. Many new Industries in the Small Scale Sector has also helped in improving the condition of unemployment sector. New thoughts, new ideas and new evolution made through the systems helped to redress the calamity.
